How Motorola's 2N2222 and 2N3904 transistors became the default NPNs

https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/news/how-two-motorola-transistors-became-the-worlds-default-npns/

Article

  • 2N2222 and 2N3904 became ubiquitous general-purpose NPN transistors from the 1960s onward
  • Open licensing allowed widespread second-sourcing across manufacturers globally
  • Featured in foundational hobbyist books, embedding them in decades of reference designs

Discussion

  • Commenters compare to 741/324 op-amps: right place, right time, then endlessly copied
  • Warning: vintage parts may not meet modern specs — dropout/threshold voltages can disappoint
  • Nostalgia: several engineers note still reaching for 2N3904 as first instinct decades later

Discuss on HN


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Added Apr 21, 2026
Modified Apr 21, 2026